Modern treaties also provide for various Indigenous rights on traditional territories that continue to be owned by federal, provincial or territorial governments. Requirements for joint management of these areas is common in modern treaties.

Joint management regimes on modern treaty traditional territories are often complex and encompass numerous land and resource regulatory and administrative processes.  Often modern treaties require the creation of new institutions governed by Indigenous and government appointed members that oversee issues such as:

• Regulation of wildlife harvesting
• Environmental reviews and assessments
• Land use planning
• Land use permitting, water licensing and other authorizations

In other cases, joint management requirements in modern treaties do not create new institutions but specify Indigenous involvement in existing processes, such as the creation of conservation and protected areas, or the development of wildlife management plans.

Let’s look at a few joint management organizations.