Crown Land is owned by the federal, provincial or territorial governments. Many modern treaty territories include Crown land, and treaty holders have negotiated certain rights on that land, such as subsistence harvesting (hunt, fish and gather) rights.

Examples include:

• In Yukon, the Champagne and Aishihik First Nation Final Agreement gives members of that First Nation the right to harvest for subsistence all species of fish and wildlife for food for themselves and their families.
• In Nunavut, Inuit can hunt, fish, and gather on any Crown land within the Settlement Area, in accordance with game management regulations as established by the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, such as caribou and polar bear harvesting quotas.