Also known as comprehensive land claims agreements, modern treaties are generally signed where Indigenous title and rights have not been settled.

They provide greater certainty over rights to land and resources, increasing the potential for economic development and growth, and set out more control by Indigenous treaty holders over the decisions that affect their lives.

Indigenous leaders often spend decades negotiating and implementing modern treaties so that future generations will enjoy opportunities such as better education, health care, and jobs, and

These agreements provide for Indigenous ownership of over 600,000 km² of land, one-time financial transfers of over $3.2 billion, revenue sharing from resources, and, when they include self government, law-making powers.