Modern treaty governments and organizations use a variety of tools to manage their lands, and have departments responsible for managing land use.

To ensure responsible land management they enact laws and regulations, and write policies.

Both Indigenous and non-Indigenous people can apply to use modern treaty lands. Land uses vary widely from tourism to the building of cabins, forestry activities, and mineral exploration and extraction.

Modern treaties provide the context within which all of these land uses can occur, with appropriate consultation, benefits and ongoing management powers for treaty holders.