At the heart of the environmental regulation and assessment process in Nunavut are five organizations created by the treaty, known as Institutions of Public Government (IPG). IPGs operate independently from government, their processes and decisions are transparent to the public, and they can consult with the public through hearings and other methods. IPG Board members are appointed by both federal and territorial levels of governments, as well as by Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. The IPGs are:

1. Nunavut Planning Commission (NPC): The “gateway” for all land and resource management projects, the NPC is responsible for the development, implementation, and monitoring of land use plans that guide and direct resource use and development in Nunavut.
2. Nunavut Impact Review Board (NIRB): Assesses the potential impacts of proposals, makes recommendations and decisions about which projects may proceed, and establishes monitoring programs for approved projects.
3. Nunavut Water Board (NWB): Concerned with licencing of inland water use and waste deposits, with a mandate to provide for the conservation and utilization of Nunavut waters in a manner that will benefit Nunavummiut (residents of Nunavut) and other Canadians.
4. Nunavut Surface Rights Tribunal (NSRT): Manages the resolution of disputes arising from:
   1. Access to land in Nunavut
   2. Claims for compensation arising from loss or damage to wildlife, carving stone and other specified substances from development in Nunavut.
5. Nunavut Wildlife Management Board (NWMB): Conserves wildlife and wildlife habitat for the long-term benefit of all Nunavut residents while fully respecting Inuit harvesting rights and priorities.

Other important contributors to the environmental assessment and regulation process managed by the IPGs are:

• The three Regional Inuit Associations (RIAs): Based in the three regions of Nunavut (from east to west: Qikiqtaaluk, Kivalliq, and Kitikmeot), the RIAs are affiliated with Nunavut Tunngavik Inc., and work to protect and promote Inuit rights and values.
• The Nunavut Inuit Wildlife Secretariat: A consolidation of the wildlife boards in the three regions, supports regional boards and community Hunters and Trappers Organizations.
• Hunters and Trappers Organizations (HTO): Present in all communities, HTO membership is open to Inuit residents only. Among other functions, HTOs regulate wildlife harvesting practices and techniques, and allocate and enforce community basic needs levels.