Treaty Resources Portal

The following resources include a variety of existing educational programs, curricula and initiatives that teach and engage people of all ages about treaties in Canada.

Note: The Treaty Resources Portal will soon be migrating to a new home at the Gordon Foundation site. In preparation for that move Nvision was contracted to expand the scope of the content to include both modern treaty and historical treaty content.

General Public

A wide range of content, including courses, games, radio and film:

General

• CBC Live Twitter Q&A
• Centre for First Nations Governance
• Gordon Foundation Future Generations Research Report
• Government of Canada Cabinet Directive on the Federal Approach to Modern Treaty Implementation
• Inuvialuit Final Agreement Elearning Program
• Foundational Knowledge Conversation Guide Series: Inuit Part 2: Modern Treaties
• Land Claims Agreements Coalition (modern treaty maps, online courses, member profiles, resources)
• Metis Treaties Research Project
• Mi’kmawe’l Tan Teli-kina’muemk – Teaching About the Mi’kmaq
• Modern Treaties Implementation Research Project
• Nunavut Agreement Oral History Project
• Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. Elections Curriculum Initiative
• Statement of Treaty Issues: Treaties as a Bridge to the Future (Saskatchewan)
• Stepping Stones: First Nations Treaties in Alberta: Treaty 6
• The Tlicho Agreement (Northwest Territories)
• Treaties in Canada: Education Guide
• Treaty Education Nova Scotia
• What’s the Difference Between Historic and Modern Treaties?

Radio and Podcast

• Let’s Talk Treaty (Manitoba radio series)
• Voices of Vision: Yukon Aboriginal Self-Government (10 Interviews)

Games

• On the Path of the Elders (Anishinaabe and Mushkegowuk)
• Promises, Promises (Ojibway and Cree)

Video/Film

• Alberta Treaties Road Trip
• A Solemn Undertaking:  The Five Treaties of Saskatchewan
• Grand Council of the Crees: Eeyouch of Eeyou Istchee Documentary
• Indigenous Voices on Treaties
• Learning About Treaties in Canada
• Making Treaties, Hersley (1999)
• Napagunnaqullusi: So That You Can Stand (James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement)
• Nisga’a Dancing in Both Worlds: Reclaiming Ancestral Lands Through the First Modern Treaty in British Columbia
• Staking the Claim: Dreams, Democracy and Canadian Inuit
• The Grandfather of all Treaties, Maracle (2015)
• The History of Treaties in Canada (2016)
• The Signing of Treaties Four and Six (2003)
• Transitional Governance Project: Tlicho (Northwest Territories)
• Treaty Six Interview with Charles E. Wood
• Trick or Treaty (documentary)
• Whose Land (Indigenous territories across Canada)

Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary School

Resources for students and teachers at the primary and secondary school levels:

• A Journey Towards Reconciliation (Ontario)
• Alex Shares His Wampum Belt, Crawford (2017) (book)
• Anishinaabe: Kiizhik School
• Anishinabek Nation: Gdoo-sastamoo kii mi: Understanding our Nation to Nation relationship (Ontario)
• BC Treaty Commission: Curriculum in Schools
• BC Treaty Commission: What are Treaties? and other frequently asked questions
• Breathing Life Into the Stone Fort Treaty: An Anishinabe Understanding of Treaty One, Craft (2013) (book)
• Canadian Encyclopedia: Comprehensive Land Claims: Modern Treaties
• Chiefs of Ontario: Indigenous Youth Engagement Session and Bundle
• Comprehensive Land Claims: Modern Treaties, Crowe (2019)
• Cree Cultural Institute: Secondary 4 History
• History and Culture of Iroquois Diplomacy: An interdisciplinary Guide to the Treaties of the Six Nations and Their League, Jennings (1995)
• Indian Treaties and Surrenders Volume 3, Government of Canada (1993)
• Indian Treaty-making Policy in the United States and Canada 1867-1877, St. Germain (2001) (book)
• Indigenous Life in Canada: Past, Present, Future: Treaties, Rose (2017) (book)
• Introduction to the Gwich’in Comprehensive Land Claim
• Learning About Treaties in Canada
• Nation to Nation: A Resource on Treaties in Ontario, Switzer (2013)
• Natives and Settlers, Now and Then: Historical Issues and Current Perspectives on Treaties and Land Claims in Canada, Depasquale (2007)
• Northern Studies 10: Northern Homeland (Northwest Territories)
• Nunavut Agreement Oral Project: Inuksuk High School Journalism Class
• Ontario First Nations and Treaties Map (2017)
• Royal Proclamation of 1763, Hall (2019)
• Saskatchewan Curriculum: Native Studies 10
• Saskatchewan Treaty Commission: Kindergarten to Grade Nine Treaty Education Learning Information
• Saskatchewan Treaty Commissioner: Teaching Treaties in the Classroom
• Saskatchewan Treaty Commissioner: We Are All Treaty People
• Staking the Claim: Dreams, Democracy and Canadian Inuit
• Tlicho History: Place Names, Stories, Legends (Northwest Territories)
• Treaties in Canada: Education Guide
• Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada, Hall (2017)
• Treaty 4: The Next Generation Project (Saskatchewan)
• Treaty 6: Education in Living Sky (Alberta and Saskatchewan)
• Treaty Baby, General (2016) (book)
• Treaty Education Initiative (Manitoba)
• Treaty Education K-12: Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba
• Treaty No. 9: Making the Agreement to Share the Land in far Northern Ontario in 1905, Long (2010) (book)
• Treaty Tales 3 Volume Set, Lynxleg (2015) (book)
• Treaty Words: For as Long as the Rivers Flow, Craft (2021)
• Two Families: Treaties and Government, Johnson (2007)
• Union of Ontario Indians: We Are All Treaty People: A Teacher’s Guide
• We Are All Treaty People, Switzer (2011)

Post-secondary and Graduate Studies

Resources for those engaged in post-secondary and graduate studies:

• Aboriginal-Crown Treaty-Making in Canada: A Many-Splendoured Thing, Miller (2013) (book)
• Aboriginal Policy Research: A History of Treaties and Policies, vol. 7, White et al. (2010) (book)
• Aboriginal Treaties (a list of treaty resources)
• Agreements with First Nations (Government of Yukon)
• ­­­A New Direction: Advancing Aboriginal and Treaty Rights, Eyford (2015)
• As Long as This Land Shall Last: A History of Treaty 8 and Treaty 11, 1870-1939, Fumoleau (2004)
• BC Treaty Commission
• Between Justice and Certainty: Treaty Making in British Columbia, Woolford (2005) (book)
• Bounty and Benevolence: A History of Saskatchewan Treaties, Arthur Ray et al. (2000) (book)
• Canada in 1873: Treaty 3 (map)
• Canada in 1874: Treaty 4 (map)
• Canada in 1875: Treaty 5 (map)
• Canada in 1876: Treaty 6 (map)
• Canada in 1877: Treaty 7 (map)
• Canada in 1899: Treaty 8 (map)
• Canada in 1906: Treaty 9 (map)
• Canada in 1906: Treaty 10 (map)
• Canada in 1921: Treaty 11 (map)
• Canada’s Approach to the Treaty-Making Process, Barnett (2018)
• Children of the Broken Treaty: Canada’s Lost Promise and One Girl’s Dream, Angus
• Community Well-Being and Treaties: Trends for First Nation Historic and Modern Treaties, Strategic Research Directorate, Canada
• Compact, Contract, Covenant: Aboriginal Treaty-Making in Canada, J.R. Miller (2009)
• Comprehensive Claims: A Government of Canada Summary
• Comprehensive Land Claim Agreements:
  • Cree Nation
  • Gwich’in
  • Inuvialuit
    • Plain language version
  • Maa-Nulth
  • Nisga’a
    • Understanding the Nisga’a Treaty
  • Naskapi
  • Nunatsiavut
  • Nunavik
  • Nunavut
    • Plain language version
  • Sahtu
  • Tla’amin
  • Tlicho
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Tsawwassen
  • Yukon
• Council of Yukon First Nations: Agreements
• Cree Narrative Memory: From Treaties to Contemporary Times, McLeod (2007) (book)
• Crown-Aboriginal Treaties in Canada 1763-2005
• Dechinta: Various Courses (Northwest Territories)
• Disinherited Generations: Our Struggle to Reclaim Treaty Rights for First Nations Women and Their Descendants, Carlson & Steinhauer (2013) (book)
• Explaining Comprehensive Land Claims Negotiation Outcomes in Canada, Alcantara (2008)
• Facts About Land Claims (Government of Alberta)
• From Recognition to Reconciliation: Essays on the Constitutional Entrenchment of Aboriginal and Treaty Rights, Macklem and Sanderson (2018) (book)
• From Treaty Peoples to Treaty Nation: A Road Map for all Canadians, Poelzer & Coates (2015) (book)
• Global Indigenous Territories, Languages and Treaties Map
• Government of Canada: Post-1975 Treaties (Modern Treaties) Dataset
• Have we Just Witnessed the End of the Modern Treaty Process?
• Historical Treaties of Canada (map)
• Honouring the Spirit of Modern Treaties: Closing the Loopholes (Senate Standing Committee on Aboriginal Peoples)
• If We Knew Then What We Know Now: Treaty Leaders Panel Discussion
• Indigenous Governance: Questioning the Status and the Possibilities for Reconciliation with Canada’s Commitment to Aboriginal and Treaty Rights, Ladner (2006)
• Implementing Comprehensive Land Claims Agreements in Canada: Towards an Analytical Framework, Alcantara (2017)
• Inuit and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement: Supporting Canada’s Arctic Sovereignty, Fenge (2007)
• Keeping Promises: The Royal Proclamation of 1763, Aboriginal Rights, and Treaties in Canada, Aldridge and Fenge (2015) (book)
• Land Claims in Alberta
• Lessons from Algonquin Territory: Conceptualizing land claim agreements in land-use planning, Davidson (2019)
• Modern Treaties and Self Government Agreements (map)
• Modern Treaties and Self Government Agreements (Effective Date) (map)
• Modern Treaties in Canada: A Call for Engaged, Collaborative Historical Research
• Modern Treaty Law and Practice, Anthony Aust (2013) (book)
• Nacho Nyak Dun v. Yukon: Supreme Court Affirms Modern Treaties Must be Honoured
• Negotiating the Deal: Comprehensive Land Claims Agreements in Canada, Christopher Alcantara (2013) (book)
• Nicola Valley Institute of Technology: Aboriginal Governance and Leadership Certificate (BC)
• No Surrender: The Land Remains Indigenous, Krasowski (2019) (book)
• Nunavut Sivuniksavut: Various Courses (general program info.)
• Nunavut Sivuniksavut: Various Courses (specific course info.)
• On Being Here to Stay, Michael Asch (2014) (book)
• Ontario Treaties
• Permission to Develop: Aboriginal Treaties, Case Law and Regulations, White et al. (2004) (book)
• Perspectives on Treaty Making
• Policy Options: Implementing Comprehensive Land Claims Agreements
• Recognition and Reconciliation of Rights Policy for Treaty Negotiations in British Columbia (2019)
• Reconciliation: First Nations Treaty Making in British Columbia, Penikett (2006) (book)
• Report of an Inquiry into an Injustice: Begade Shutagot’ine and the Sahtu Treaty, Kulchyski (2018) (book)
• Ryerson University: Indigenous Governance Courses
• Second Universal Periodic Review of Canada, Land Claims Agreements Coalition (submission to United Nations Human Rights Council), (2012)
• Saskatchewan: Office of the Treaty Commissioner (includes resources)
• Socio Economic Benefits of Modern Treaties in BC (2016) (Report)
• Solemn Words and Foundational Documents: An Annotated Discussion of Indigenous-Crown Treaties in Canada, 1752-1923, Morin (2018) (book)
• The Algonquin Land Claim
• The Honour of the Crown and its Fiduciary Duties to Aboriginal Peoples, McCabe (2008) (book)
• The Journey of Reconciliation: Understanding our Treaty Past, Present and Future, Jai (2014)
• The Law of Treaties Between the Crown and Aboriginal Peoples, McCabe, (2010) (book)
• The First of its Kind: The Modern Treaties Implementation Research Project, Northern Public Affairs, Abele et al. (2018) (periodical)
• The Right Relationship: Reimagining the Implementation of Historical Treaties, Borrows and Coyle (2017)
• The Spirit of the Alberta Indian Treaties, Price (1999) (book)
• The True Spirit and Original Intent of Treaty 7, Carter & First Rider (1996) (book)
• Tlicho Modern Treaties Research Project
• To Treaty or Not to Treaty? Aboriginal Peoples and Comprehensive Land Claims Negotiations in Canada, Alcantara (2007)
• Towards a Modern Treaties Implementation Review Commission (Northern Public Affairs periodical article)
• Treaties and Agreements: Learn about Historic and Modern Treaties in Canada, Treaty Rights and the Treaty Relationship
• Treaties and Comprehensive Land Claims in Canada (map)
• Treaties and the Treaty Relationship, Canada’s History, Ross & Collin Reid (2018) (periodical)
• Treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories: Including the Negotiations on Which They Were Based, Morris (1991) (book)
• Treaties in Ontario (images and descriptions of more than 40 treaties and other land agreements)
• Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba
• Treaty Research Reports: Historical interpretations of Treaties the Crown has Signed with Aboriginal Peoples Since the 18^th Century (not including modern treaties)
• Treaties, Surrenders and Agreements, Government of Canada (original documents)
• Treaty Promises, Indian Reality: Life on a Reserve, Lerat (2005) (book)
• Treaty Texts (Government of Canada transcripts of treaties from the mid-1700s to the early 1900s)
• Yukon College: Bachelor of Arts in Indigenous Governance
• Yukon College: First Nations Governance and Public Administration
• Yukon College: Institute of Indigenous Self-Determination
• Unama’ki College, Department of Indigenous Studies
• University of Arizona: Indigenous Governance Program
• University of British Columbia: Aboriginal Treaties: An Introduction
• University of British Columbia: Master of Arts in Indigenous Governance
• University of Saskatchewan: Masters of Northern Governance and Development
• What’s the Deal with Treaties? (BC Treaty Commission)
• Williams Treaties First Nations